2021陕西学位英语语法试题：关于分词的作用
1）分词作表语：现在分词常常表示主动关系或特性，其主语或修饰的对象通常是物；过去分词表示被动关系或处于某种状态，其主语通常是人。
His argument is very convincing.
They were very excited at the news
2）非谓语动词作定语的差异；现在分词指正在进行的动作；过去分词指过去发生的动作；不定式指将来进行的动作。
The question being discussed is of great importance.
The question discussed is of great importance.
The question to be discussed tomorrow is of great importance.
3）分词作宾补：动词look at, notice, see, watch, hear, listen to, feel, make等既可接现在分词也可接动词不定式，区别是现在分词着重说明动作正在发生，不定式则着重说明动作的全过程。
I saw the boys climbing the wall.
I saw the boys climb the wall.
4）分词作状语
分词单独作状语时，其逻辑主动必须与主语的主语一致。
Not being used to the strong sun, I got a sunburn.
Considered as work of art, the building is rather disappointing.
有时为了强调，分词前可带连词when, while, if, though, as, as if ,unless 等一起作状语，以使句子的意思更清楚连贯。
Almost all English prepositions when turned into Chinese look like verbs.
Though tired he still continued reading
3、独立主格结构
1）分词作状语时，若其逻辑主语和谓语动词的主语不一致，则分词必须带有自己的主语。带主语的分词称为分词的独立主格结构。
He being absent, nothing could be done now.
Her shirt caught on a nail, she couldn’t move.
2）独立主格结构有时也可用 “with/without+名词/代词宾格+分词”的结构表示
With the tree growing tall, we’ll get more shade.
They traveled a whole day, without any food eaten.
4、分词的时态
现在分词的一般形式表示的动作和谓语动词表示的动作同时发生；完成形式表示分词的动作发生在谓语动词之前。
I saw two old men playing chess in the park.
Professor Li, having heard the weather forecast, took a raincoat with him.
