第一部分 语音
一、英语音素
元
音
20
单元
音(12)
短元音(7)
[?][e][i][?][?][?][u]
长元音(5)
[i:][?:][a:][?:][u:]
双元音(8)
[ai][ei][?i][au][?u]
[i?][u?][??]
辅
音
28
清辅音
[p][t][k][s][θ][ò][?][tr][ts][f]
浊辅音
[b][d][ɡ][z][e][?][d?][dr][dz][v]
其他
[h][m][n][?][j][l][r][w]
二、元音字母的读音规则
1. 重读开音节
字母
a
e
i (y)
o
u
重读
开音节
[ei]
[i:]
[ai]
[?u]
[ju:]
[u:]
例词
same,
age name
take
we,
these
she,he
white,
my,by,
kite,
fly
no,
those,
go,home
use,tube
rule,
blue
例外：give,come,gone,ate,done,move,prove,
第二部分 语法（上）
第一节 名 词（null）
大纲要求掌握：
一、可数名词与不可数名词
二、可数名词的复数形式
三、名词的所有格
四、名词在句子中的作用
一、可数名词与不可数名词
名词分可数与不可数两种。
可数名词表示某类人或东西中的个体。如table, country。
或表示若干个体组成的集合体。如 family, people, committee, police。
不可数名词表示无法分为个体的实物。如air, tea, furniture, water。
或表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念。如work, information, advice, happiness。
有些名词在一种场合下是可数名词,在另一种场合下是不可数名词。
如room 房间（可数），空间（不可数）
time 时间（不可数），次数（可数）
fish 鱼（不可数），各种各样的鱼（可数）
比较下列例句:
There are nine rooms in the house. （房间，可数名词）
There isn't enough room for us three in the car . （空间，不可数名词）
不可数名词的数量可以通过在其前面加单位词来表示。
如： 一块肉 a piece of meat
两条长面包 two loaves of bread
三件家具 three articles of furniture
一大笔钱 a large sum of money
二、可数名词的复数形式
可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。名词复数的构成如下：
1．一般情况下在名词后加-s。如：girls, books。
★浊辅音、元音结尾，s发[z]
2．以s, x , ch, sh结尾的词在名词后加-es。如：glasses, boxes, matches, bushes。
★以s, x , ch, sh结尾,es发[iz]
3．"辅音字母+y"结尾的词，变y为i再加-es。如：city-cities, country-countries。
4．以o结尾的词多数加-es。如：heroes, tomatoes, potatoes。
radios, zoos, photos, pianos, kilos 例外。
5．f, fe 结尾的词，多数变f，fe为v再加-es。如：thief-thieves, leaf-leaves, half-halves, life-lives, wife-wives, knife-knives。
少数名词有不规则的复数形式。如：man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, child-children, mouse-mice。
★可数名词复数一般情况下考不规则复数形式。
个别名词的单数和复数的形式是一样的。如Chineses, Japanese, sheep, deer。
三、名词的所有格
名词的所有格表示所属关系， 起形容词的作用。
当名词表示有生命的东西时，所有格一般是在词尾加 's 。
如：Jean's room, my daughter-in-law's friends, my daughters-in-law's friends, children's books。
如果名词已经有了复数词尾s, 则只需加'。如：the teachers' books, my parents' car。
时间名词的所有格在后面加's ，复数加' 。如：today's newspaper, five minutes' walk。
当名词表示无生命的东西时，所有格常由"of"短语构成。
如：the top of the world, the cover of the book, China's capital。
加 's 或 ' 的名词所有格可以表示店铺或某人的家。
如：the grocer's, the tailor's, the Smith's 。
★名词所有格考试常见部分是
名词表示没有生命的东西时，不能直接在其后加's。
时间名词所有格在其后加's，或复数名词后直接加'。
四、名词在句子中的作用
1．主语是可数名词单数时，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。
All roads lead to Rome.（条条大路通罗马。）
His brother is an industrial engineer.
The number of the students attending the party is increasing.
★the number of 表示数量，无论后面名词是复数还是单数，谓语动词是单数形式。
Two-thirds of the shop belongs to me.
★two-thirds 三分之二
几分之几作主语，谓语是单数形式。
Both of us are studying English.
★总结：在名词作主语时，the number of 谓语动词单数形式；
几分之几，谓语单数形式；
both 谓语使用复数形式。
2、主语是不可数名词、不定式或动名词词组、从句时，谓语动词用单数形式。
All the money he received was given to his mother.
Forgetting the past means betrayal.
What we are talking now is useless.
3．主语部分若有as well as, with, together with, like, but, except等短语，谓语动词的单、复数与短语前面的名词一致。
Mary, as well as her two sisters, is a student of this school.
（as well as her two sisters 作主语Mary的主语补足语，主语 Mary 是单数，所以谓语动词用单数形式）
No one except my friends knows anything about it.
4．表示时间、距离、重量、价值等的复数名词作主语时，如果当作整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式。"...+(×)...=..."算式中的谓语动词也用单数形式。
Three times two is six.
Three kilometers is 3,ooo metres. (three kilometers作为整体来看）
5．Either, neither作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Neither of us has been to Italy.
Has either of them been to Shanghai?
none代表可数的人或东西时，谓语动词可以用单数也可以用复数，代表不可数的东西时，谓语动词用单数形式。
None of the students have/has seen the film.
None of the money belongs to me.
6．主语由either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also连接时，谓语形式由最邻近的主语决定。
Not only you but also I am wrong.
Neither my aunt nor I am going out this afternoon.
Either you or she is to do the work.
7．主语中有and，如果表示单一概念，谓语动词用单数。
The bread and butter is nice.
8．主语前有many a, more than one修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Many a book has been read by the students.
★many a book=many books
More than one person has been to the Great Wall.
9．集合名词作主语，当作整体看待时，谓语动词用单数形式，当作每个独立的个体看待时，谓语动词用复数。
The committee meets once a year. (作为整体）
The committee are having a meeting now. （作为独立个体）
People, police作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
The police have come to arrest him.
名词部分考试重点
1、可数名词与不可数名词里，哪几个词是不可数名词。
2、可数名词复数形式重点掌握不规则形式，单、复数相同的名词。
3、名词所有格重点掌握时间名词所有格在其后加's,复数加'。
4、名词在句中的作用，重点掌握刚才的9点。
考点测试
1．Ten days ______ long enough for Mr. Carter to finish his design. He doesn't need any more.
A. is B. has beenC. was D. had been
ten days 作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数形式。（注意时态）
答案 A
2. Now, many people use the word Ms instead of Miss or Mrs, for example, before the names of ______ in business letters.
A. woman manager B. women managerC. woman managers D. women managers
names 是复数形式，其后的名词肯定是复数。
两个名词变为复数，两个都要变。
答案 D
3. The number of students who failed the chemistry examination _____ to fifteen.
A. have increasedB. has increased C. is increased D. are increasing
the number of 谓语动词用单数。
答案 B
4. Neither John nor his father _______ able to wake up early enough to catch the morning train.
A. wasB. were C. would be D. have been
neither...nor谓语动词跟相邻的主语一致。
答案 A
5. The room is eight _______ long.
A. footB. footsC. feet D. feets
foot 英尺，复数形式 feet
答案 C
8. Not only the students but also their teacher ______ at the meeting.
A. was present B. were present C. have been presentedD. has been presented
not only... but also 谓语动词与相邻名词一致。
present 呈现，介绍
答案 A
9. One of the things she wrote about ______ life on a small farm at the beginning of the century.
A. is B. wasC. are D. were
one of 谓语用单数。
答案 B
10. Only about one out of twelve of the young men and women of this country _____ college education.
A. receive B. receives C. have received D. have been received
one out of 谓语用单数形式。
答案 B
11. Never before ______ so many people been engaged in producing goods just for the comfort of man.
A. has B. have C. will D. would
never before开头，句子倒装。
主语so many people为复数。
engage in doing sth. 忙于做某事。
答案 B
12. At the bus stop were a soldier and two young people on their way to North Carolina.
A. were B. was C. is D. sits and waits
主语 a soldier and two young people为复数
答案 A
13. There ______ the last piece of cake and the last spoonful of ice cream.
A. goes B. go C. gone D. was gone
主语 the last piece of cake and the last spoonful of ice cream复数
答案 B
14. Mr. Brown, and not I , ________ chosen to be the representative of the class.
A. isB. am C. are D. have been
主语 Mr.Brown
答案 A
15. The teacher, as well as a number of students, _______ to attend the party.
A. ask B. asks C. was asked D. were asked
谓语动词与as well as前面的名词一致。
答案 C
16. The hostess together with the guests of honor ________ comfortably in the living room.
A. was seatedB. seated C. were seated D. were seating
谓语与 together with 前的名词一致
be seated 就坐
Please be seated ladies and gentlmen.
Seat the boy next to his brother.
答案 A
17. The father, rather than the brothers, _______ responsible for the accident.
A. isB. are C. have been D. has
主语 the father ，单数
be responsible for 对......负责
答案 A
18. Either Carol or Grace ______ to the concert, but one of them has to stay home.
A. is coming B. are coming C. will coming D. have come
either...or 谓语动词与临近主语一致。
答案 A
19. The total amount of money ______ 100 dollars.
A. isB. are C. has D. have
money 不可数名词，谓语动词单数。
答案 A
20. Great quantities of fish _____ on high seas.
A. is caught B. are caught C. catchD. is catching
quantities 复数形式
答案 B
21. Either of the young ladies _____ perfectly qualified to teach Greek and Latin.
A. isB. are C. has D. have
either打头，谓语动词单数。
答案 A
22. Having studied your report carefully, I am convinced that neither of your solutions _____ correct.
A. areB. is C. had D. will
neither 两者都不，谓语动词单数。
答案 B
23. In some countries each of the citizens ______ to decide government policies.
A. helps B. helpC. are helped D. is helped
each 每一个，谓语动词单数。
答案 A
24. The nurse added_____ to the medcine to make the ease for the child to take.
A. some sugar B. some sugars C. a sugar D. sugars
suger 不可数名词
答案 A
take medcine 吃药
25. "I like your furniture very much."
"Thank you. We bought ____ in Beijing."
A. the most of them B. the most of itC. most of them D. most of it
furniture 不可数名词
答案 D
第二节 冠 词......
第三节 代 词......
第四节 数词......
第五节 形容词与副词......
第六节 介 词......
第七节 连 词......
第八节 动 词......
第十节 句子的分类......
第十一节 强调句、倒装句、省略句......
第二部分 词汇（下）
掌握约3800个基础英语单词和相应的常用词组。词汇考试主要是考 单词和词组搭配。
构词法
英语的构词方法有三：合成（composition）,派生（derivation）和转换（conversion）.
一、合成
合成：合两个或两个以上的词而成为一个新词，这种构词的方法叫做合成。
1. 复合名词的主要构成方式
1）名词＋名词
classroom 教室， newspaper 报纸
2）形容词＋名词
blackboard 黑板,highway 公路，
3）动词＋名词
break-water防波堤
4）副词＋名词
outbreak爆发， overcoat 大衣
5）代词＋名词
he-goat公山羊， she-wolf 母狼
6）动词＋副词
break-down崩溃
7）名词＋介词短语
editor-in-chief 总编辑, father-in-law岳父
2. 复合形容词的主要构成方式
1）名词＋形容词
snow-white 雪白的,world-wide全世界的
2）形容词＋形容词
bitter-sweet 又苦又甜的，blue-green 绿里发蓝的
3）副词＋形容词
ever-green 常绿的
4）名词＋分词
snow-covered 白雪盖着的，hand-made 手工制作的
5)形容词＋分词
good-looking 好看的
6）副词＋分词
well-meaning 好意的，well-informed消息灵通的
7)形容词＋名词
second-hand旧的，用过的，第二手的
8）形容词＋名词＋-ed
open-minded 胸襟开阔的，white-haired白发的
9）数词＋名词＋（－ed）
two-faced 两面派的，
3. 复合动词的主要构成方式
1）副词＋动词
overcome 克服， uphold支持，主张
2）名词＋动词
sun-bathe行日光浴
二、派生
......
三、转换
... ...
第三部分 完型填空
复习方法
在专生本考试中，完型填空占30分，15小题，每小题两分。完形填空是单句选择填空和篇章阅读的结合体，因此在解题时要既考虑单个的选项又要考虑整体篇章的意义。因为多了上下文的信息所以完型填空的难度应小于第二部分的题型词汇与语法的选择填空。完形填空题的考察重点和第二部分单选题大同小异,所不同的是增加了整篇阅读的综合分析和判断，完形填空题的选择项可能是名词,动词,形容词,介词,副词或连词等词汇题，也可能是动词非谓语的变化或动词的时态语态等语法题。除了扎实的语法基础和词汇基础外,还要求考生有良好的语感以及对各选项的综合分析判断能力。
一、完形填空解题步骤
一）通读全篇 了解篇章结构和大意
做完形填空题答案的关键在于准确理解短文的大意,要做到这一点,就要分清文章的主题与行文结构,文章如果是说明文和议论文往往开门见山的提出主题,然后逐点说明或评论,最后小结,所以做题前应浏览全篇,重点是首尾段,以及每段首尾；如果是记叙文则要了解文章大意和梗概，弄清人物、时间、地点和事件等要素，并领悟作者的观点和态度等。
二）详读全篇，根据各种综合信息预测填空的单词
在掌握文章大意的基础上根据上下文提供的搭配,结构,语意等线索来预测答案,要着眼空格所在的完整句子,瞻前顾后.必要时用铅笔先在卷上做上标记，比如此空可能是某个词性或词义乃至可能是某个词。重点解决与结构搭配有关的问题。,如果有些填空一时难以作出判断，不要恋战而是继续往下进行,往往进行到下文,前面的填空的信息就会出现或者有了一些有用的线索。
三）将预测答案和所给的四个选项进行比对，找出重叠率最高的选项
四) 复读全文核对答案 做到语句通顺 句意完整
所有填空选项选择完毕后要通读"完形"更多资料请电话:13783816366索取后的全文，把自己所选的答案放入原文的空缺处核查能否使文章联贯语法正确，如果你发现你所选的某个答案，放在句中读起来很别扭，那么你的语感在提醒你，对此答案要三思。
二、解题方法
一）词与词组搭配
二）上下文提示
三）逻辑推理
三、解题注意事项
1．切勿拿题就做，不看全文。
2．注意通篇文章的关联度，切勿把每个填空割裂开来做。
3．切勿把时间和精力消耗在翻译文章上，遇到不认识的词和不明白的句子除非是影响到填空选项的选择，否则可以放在一边。
四、练习
Jeans are the most __1__ kind of clothes in the world. They are popular almost __2__, in Japan, France, Indonesia, Canada and Brazil. Rich people and poor people wear them. Young people and even some old people wear them. Why are they popular? Who made the __3__ jeans?
In 1849 two men discovered gold in California. Men from the __4__ of the United States and other countries hurried there to look for gold, too. These miners needed some __5__ clothes. A young man from Germany __6__ Levi Strauss arrived in California in 1850.
He went there to sell things to the miners. He saw that the miners needed strong pants, so he began to make __7__. He used cloth __8__ people make tents from. He put rivets (铆钉) on the __9__ to make them strong, because the men put rocks in them. These pants were very strong and could __10__ a long time. The pants became very popular immediately.
1.A. nice B. unusual C. popular D. beautiful1. 选C
2.A. every where B. nowhere C. elsewhere D. somewhere 选A
3.A. popular B. early C. first D. latest 选C
4.A. part B. some parts C. many parts D. other parts 选D
6.A. name B. names C. namedD. naming 选C
5.A. soft B. tough C. kind D. pretty 选B
7.A. pantsB. clothes C. it D. them 选A
8.A. that B. wha C. the D. those 选A
本题如果有which, 也可以选。 如果本句为He used cloth from_____ 答案就只能选which
9.A. pants B. pockets C. clothes D. jeans选B
10.A. wear B. useC. wash D. last A的正确答案为 be worn选D
涉及到上下文的有7道，涉及到语法的有1道
... ...
第四部分 阅读理解
阅读理解的问题可分为：
主题思想判断
细节定位
逻辑推理
1.主题思想判断
常见的问题为：
The best title for the passage is_______.
This passage talks mainly about________.
The main idea of this passage is...
What does this passage mainly discuss?
2. 细节定位
when, where, who, why, how. 常见的问题有：
According to the passage, which of the following is true?
According to the passage, which of the following in NOT true?
According to the passage, all of the following are true EXCEPT...?
The passage suggests that...
How/When/Where does something happen?
3．逻辑推理
常见的问题为：
From the passage, it can be inferred that...
This passage has probably been taken from...
这类问题一般有三个特点：1.不违背推理原则； 2. 推断条件充分; 3. 理解题的答案不明显。 如果问题中有了imply, suggest, infer等表示暗示意义的词时，更多资料请加QQ:67460666索取解题时切不可把原文中已明确陈述的事实作为答案。另外要特别注意文中出现的修饰语。
有些阅读考查学生的推理能力。这类的问题一般不能从文章中直接找出答案，应该找到相关信息在文章中的位置，联系上下文进行推理。如一篇文章中有这样的一句话：
If you make a five-day trip across the Atlantic Ocean, your ship enters a different time zone every day.
后面有一个问题：
From this passage it seems true that the Atlantic Ocean_________.
A. is in on e time zone
B. is divided into twenty-four zones
C. is divided into five time zones
D. cannot be crossed in five days
在阅读考试中，的常识和知识面与阅读能力同样重要，平时应该进行广泛阅读。如在一篇谈到地球上时区划分的文章中有这样的一个问题：
The international date line is the name for_________.
A. the beginning of any new time zone
B. any point where time changes by one hour
C. the point where a new day begins
D. any time zone in the Pacific Ocean
阅读理解的方法：
先不读文章、先去看问题，看一个问题、找相关的文章在什么地方。
Passage 1 Mountaineering is a sport and not a game. There are no man-made rules, as there are for such games as golf and football. There are, however, rules of a different kind which it would be dangerous to ignore, but it is this freedom from man-made rules that makes mountaineering attractive to many people. Those who climb mountains are free to use their own methods. If we compare mountaineering and other more familiar sports, we might think that one big difference is that mountaineering is not a "team game". We may well be mistaken in this. There are, it is true, no "matches" between "teams" of climbers, but when climbers are on a rock face, linked by a rope on which their lives may depend, there is obviously teamwork..
The mountain climber knows that he may have to fight forces that are stronger and more powerful than man. He has to fight the nature. His sport requires high mental and physical qualities. It is not unusual for men of fifty or sixty to climb the highest mountains in the Alps. They may take more time than younger men, but they probably climb with more skill and less waste of effort and they certainly experience equal enjoyment.
1. Which of the following is not a "team game"?
A. Football. B. Volleyball.
C. Tennis.D. Mountaineering.
Mountaineering爬山
2. To ignore the rules of mountaineering would ______.
A. be dangerous
B. not do any harm
C. help the climbers to climb faster
D. give the climbers more freedom in the course of climbing
ignore忽略，忽视 dangerous 危险的
3. According to the author, many people are attracted by mountain- eering because ______.
A. it is both dangerous and exciting
B. there is gold on some mountain peaks
C. it is the best form of sport
D. it is a sport free from man-made rules
attracted 有兴趣的 freedom 自由
4. Only _______ can climb the highest mountains in the Alps.
A. experienced old men
B. young people
C. those who have high mental and physical qualities
D. strong sportsmen
Alps 阿尔卑斯山 mental 脑力的
5. Compared with young men, old climbers of sixty may climb a mountain with ______.
A. more skill
B. less time
C. less enjoyment
D. much more waste of effort
第一步：先看问题 第二步：找关键词
第三步：先读懂问题，再读懂关键词所在的句子
第四步：选项中的词和文章中的词有相近的关系
who climb mountains (这是一个定语从句，在这里修饰 those)
每一段的第一句话是这段的主题句（topic sentence）
linked by a rope on which(定语从句，介词放在前面)
teamwork 团对合作
that are stronger and more powerful than man(定语从句，修饰forces)
topic sentence(It is not unusual for men of fifty or sixty to climb the highest mountains in the Alps.)
Passage 2
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第五部分 补全对话
补全对话的部分要求考生在理解对话内容的基础上，运用所学的日常会话的句型和对话从所给的8个选项中选出5个补全空缺的部分。空缺共5句，每句3分，更多资料请电话:13783816366索取共15分。要答好这部分题，不仅要求考生熟悉英语日常生活交际用语，还要对话的场景以及上下句的关联度。这部分考试内容不涉及单词拼写，只是就已知信息进行判断，并且所给的信息只是简单的日常会话，极少出现生词。所以在这个题上不应该出现丢分现象。
一、复习内容
（一） 日常用语（二） 场景
问候
? Hello!
? Good morning/ afternoon/ evening!
? How are you?
? How are you doing? - Pretty good. / Just so so. / Very well.
? How is everything going? - Doing well, thanks
? How do you do?
? Best wishes/ regards to sb.
? Please give my regards/ best wishes/ love to sb.
? Say hello to sb.
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第六部分 短文写作
写作授课要点
短文写作总分25分。短文写作部分要求写出一篇100~120词的短文。题材以记叙文为主，试卷可能给出题目或规定情景或段首句。
短文写作的要求为：能够正确表达思想，意义连贯，无重大语言错误。
写作内容涉及生活，一般常识和私人信件。
短文写作中的题目我们也可以称作命题写作。
情景写作也就是便条写作。
段首句式的写作可以称为主题句式的写作。
一、英语写作训练的要点
... ...
二、如何限题和写提纲
... ...
三、文章的三个部分
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四、如何开端和结尾
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五、如何写正文--段落中的主题句
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六、成考英语写作范文
1．My Favorite Sport（我最喜爱的运动）
My favorite sport is swimming. There are three reasons why I like the sport best.
First, it is good for keeping fit. It benefits the heart, the lungs（肺）and the limbs（四肢）. Thanks to the sport, I lost my weight and I am graceful in form.
Second, it is easy to find a place to swim. In the country, I can swim in lakes and rivers. In the city, there are many swimming pools spotted among the residential areas.
Third, it can be done in any weather. It is very cool swimming in hot summer. In cold weather, swimming is especially refreshing.
Swimming is a very popular sport. I hope you can enjoy it too.
2．Sports
1你喜欢什么运动2你如何喜欢上这种运动 3运动对你有什么益处（工作、学习和生活）
Just as lots of teenagers take to pop music, I love basketball. It's part of my life. I began to play basketball in my childhood. I still remember the good old days when I played with my classmates after school. Later on, as I grew up, almost everything changed, but this sport---playing basketball remained and my love of it grew even stronger.
I love this sport because it brings joys and health to my life. When I got tired from office work, I went to the sports ground and felt refreshed. If there were worries and cares from daily life, I went to the sports ground. There everything went away except basketball. It is basketball that keeps me in good shape and mood.
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47．A notice (通知)
你叫李平，是英语系学生会主席。写一封信给王教授，请他做一个有关中国历史的报告。注意信中要包括目的、时间、日期和地点。
May 19,2002
Dear Professor Wang:
On behalf of the Student Union of the English Department, I am writing to invite you to give a lecture on Chinese history.
We have planned to have such a lecture at 2:30 p? m. in Lecture Hall 419, on May 25.
Looking forward to your lecture. Inform us in advance if you can not come.
Sincerely yours,
Li Ping
成人高考(专升本)英语
大纲总的要求
1.应具备一定的听、说、读、写等综合运用英语语言的能力
2.考试题型和每一部分所占的分值：
1）语音：5小题，共5分
2）语法与词汇：15小题，共15分
3）完型填空：15小题，共30分
4）阅读理解：20小题，共60分
5）补全对话：5小题，共15分
6）短文写作：一篇短文，分值25分
总分：150分
