第一套
A
Some people believe that international sport creates goodwill between the nations and that if countries play games together they will learn to live together. Others say that the opposite is true: that international contests encourage false national pride and lead to misunderstanding and hatred. There is probably some truth in both arguments, but in recent years the Olympic Games have done little to support the view that sports encourage international brotherhood. Not only was there the tragic incident involving the murder of athletes, but the Games were also ruined by lesser incidents caused principally by minor national contests.
One country received its second—place medals with visible indignation after the hockey final. There had been noisy scenes at the end of the hockey match as, the losers objecting to the final decisions. They were convinced that one of their goals should not have been disallowed and that their opponents’ victory was unfair .Their manager was in a rage when he said:“ This wasn’t hockey. Hockey and the International Hockey Federation are finished.” The president of the Federation said later that such behavior could result in the suspension of the team for at least three years.
The American basketball team announced that they would not yield first place to Russia, after a disputable end to their contest. The game had ended in disturbace. It was thought at first that the United States had won, by a single point, but it was announced that there were three seconds still to play. A Russian player then threw the ball from one end of the court to the other, and another player popped it into the basket. It was the first time theU.S.A. had ever lost an Olympic basketball match. An appeal jury debated the matter for four and a half hours before announcing that the result would stand. The American players then voted not to receive the silver medals.
Incidents of this kind will continue as long as sport is played competitively rather than for the love of the game. The suggestion that athletes should compete as indiviuals, or in nonnational terms, might be too much to hope for. But in the present organization of the Olympics there is far too much that encourages aggressive patriotism.
1.According to the author,recent Olympic Games have ____.
A)created goodwill between the nations
B)bred only false national pride
C)hardly showed any international friendship
D)led to more and more misunderstanding and hatred
2.What did the manager mean by saying,“...Hockey and the International Hockey Federation are finished”?
A)His team would no longer take part in international games.
B)Hockey and the Federation are 60th ruined by the unfair decisions.
C)There should be no more hockey matches organized by the Federation.
D)The Federation should be dissolved.
3.The basketball example implied that ____.
A)too much patriotism was displayed in the incident
B)the announcement to prolong the match was wrong
C)the appeal jury was too hesitant in making the decision
D)The American team was right in receiving the silver medals
4.The author gives the two examples in paragraph 2 and 3 to show ____.
A)how false national pride led to undesirable incidents in international games
B)that spoktsmen have been more obedient than they used to be
C)that competitiveness in the games discourages international friendship
D)that unfair decisions are common in Olympic Games
5.What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?
A)The organization of the Olympic Games must be improved.
B)Athletes should compete as individuals in the Olympic Games.
C)Sport should be played competitively rather than for the love of the game.
D)International contests are liable for misunderstanding between nations.
B
There are two major parties in Britain today,the Conservative Party and the Labour Party,which have been in power by turns since 1945.The two—party system of Britain was formed in the course of the development of the capitalist state and the political parties.In order to strengthen the state machine,the British bourgeosie have let it come into being and exist in one form or another form since the 17th century. P.S.Tregidgo once said:“The more parties there are,the less likely it is that any one of them will be strong enough in Parliament to outvote all the others;but when there are only two,one of them is sure to have a majority o f seats.This helps to ensure a strong and stable government.”This may be the reason why the British have the two party system.
The division into two parties grew out the establishment of a Protestant Church of England in the 16th century.Because of a purely religious difference of opinion,the Puritans were separated from the broad body of the Anglican Church. The non Puritan Anglicans were on the side of the King and Church,and their supporters were called by their opponents “Tories.”The Puritans were for Parliament and trade, and their supporters were called by the “Tories”“Whigs”.The Tories and the Whigs were in power by turns for a long time.In 1833,the Tory party split into two and its name was changed to Conservative.In the 1860s the Whigs became Liberals.From that time on,the Liberals and the Conservatives were in office by turns until 1922.The policies they put into effect were sometimes different, but they were both controlled by the rich.
The working class became more and more unwilling to follow the Conservatives and the Liberals.They wanted to have their own party.So the Labour party was formed by the trade unions.After 1922 the Labour Party gradually replaced the Liberal Party to become one of the two major parties in Great Britain.
6.What does “it” stand for in the third line?
A)The twoparty system.B)The state machine.
C)The Partiament.D)The capitalist state.
7.We can learn from what P.S Tregidgo once said that ____.
A)if there are parties in Britain,none of them will be strong enough to have con trol in the government
B)the more patients there are,the more likely it is that they will have the deci sive say in the government
C)the two partysystem contributes to the establishment of a powerful and long lasting government
D)if there are only two parties in Britain,it will be easy for the government to control them
8.What can we infer from the forming of the Tory Party and the Whig Party?
A)These two parties originally believed in different religions.
B)These two parties were established under the influence of different religious believes.〖ZK）〗
C)The British King and the Parliament supported different religions becaused they were for the twoparty system.
D)The British King and the Parliament were supported by different parties for political reasons.
9.According to the passage,why was the Labour Party established in Britain?
A)Because the trade unions did not do much good for the working people.
B)Because the Liberal Party were not strong enough to defeat the Conservative Party.
C)Because the working people would not like to be members outside the Liberal Party.
D)Because neither of the two major parties was the parties for the working people.
10.Which of the following is true concerning the Tory Party or the Whig Party?
A)The Whig Party no longer exists in Britain.
B)The Tory Party has kept its unity until the present day.
C)The Whig Party has taken the place of the Liberal Party.
D)The Tory Party has taken the place of the Conservative Party.
C
The immune system is the body’s defender.It identifies,tracks down,and destroys troublemakers before they can hurt the body.Those troublemakers may be,for example,bacteria from a cut or splinter,a measles germ,a cold bug,or even a cancer cell.
These invaders try to take over our tissues and feed off our bodies’ nutrients. If they succeed,we become sick or,sometimes,even die.It’s the job of our immune systems to destroy these invaders before they destroy us.
Say you picked up a flu virus(病毒) last week.Perhaps it entered your body through a cut,from a drinking glass,or from the air you breathe.Of course,you didn’t feel it,but the virus made its way into your bloodstream.As soon as it entered your body,it began to reproduce.Viruses have only one goal:to take over your cells.Once inside your body,viruses try to enter cells and disrupt their normal wor k.If left alone,these viruses would hurt so many cells that you would weaken,or worse,get a serious illness.
But this flu virus should not be so complacent as it seems to be.As it reproduces in your bloodstream,the virus is met by a certain kind of white blood cell,the lymphocytes.The lymphocytes are the foot soldiers that keep you alive.
The number of lymphocytes in your body is hard to imagine.Thousands of them could fit in the period at the end of this sentence.Your body holds about a trillion —that’s 1,000,000,000,000 of them,or about 3,000 in every drop of blood.Since you began reading this sentence,over 800,000 of them have been created and destroyed.
Some of these lymphocytes pass through a small walnutsized organ called the thymus.The thymus is the base of the neck.Here,special hormones(荷尔蒙)turn lymphocytes into fighting cells,called T cells.
T cells have one terrific talent:They can tell the difference between friend and foe;what should be in our bodies and what shouldn’t.They do not affect the body ’s healthy cells.Yet they attack everything that is foreign to our bodies,such as germs, transplants, and even our own cells which have become abnormal,as in the case of cancer.
11.What is the function of our immune system?
A)To take over our tissues and feed off our bodies’ nutrients.
B)To prevent bacteria or germs from entering the body.
C)To destroy the troublemakers in order that they might not hurt the body.
D)To fight against T cells.
12.What does the word “lymphocytes” mean?
A)Food soldiers.B)Flu virus.
C)White blood cells.D)Troublemakers.
13.The last sentence in para 5 “since you began reading this sentence,over 800,000 of them have been created and destroyed” implies that ____.
A)this sentence contributes to the increase of the number of lymphocytes in your body
B)you would not realize that lymphocytes reproduce themselves rapidly but for th is sentence
C)because you read this sentence,a large number of lymphocytes have been consume d
D)the number of lymphocytes in your body is extremely large
14.Which of the following can NOT be detected by T cells?
A)Thymus. B)Transplants.C)Cancer cells.D)Healthy cells.
15.Which of the following questions best summaries the main idea of the whole passage?
A)How does the immune system attack the flu virus?
B)How does the immune system function in our body?
C)How do the lymphocytes work in our body?
D)What is the socalled immune system?
D
“Family” is of course an elastic word.But when British people say that their society is based on family life,they are thinking of “family” in its narrow,peculiarly European sense of mother,father and children living together alone in their own house as an economic and social unit.Thus,every British marriage indicates the beginning of a new and independent family—hence the tremendous importance of marriage in British life.For both the man and the woman,marriage means leaving one’s parents and starting one’s own life.The man’s first duty will then be to his wife,and the wife’s to her husband.He will be entirely responsible for her financial support,and she for the running of the new home.Their children will be their common responsibility and theirs alone.Neither the wife’s parents nor the husband’s,nor their brothers or sisters,aunts or uncles,have any right to interfere with them—they are their own masters.
Readers of novels like Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice will know that in former times marriage among wealthy families were arranged by the girl’s parents, that is,it was the parents’ duty to find a suitable husband for their daughter, preferably a rich one, and by skillful encouragement to lead him eventually to ask their permission to marry her.Until that time,the girl was protected and maintained in the parents’ home,and the financial relief of getting rid of her could be seen in their giving the newly married pair a sum of money called a dowry. It is very different today.Most girls of today get a job when they leave school and become financially independent before their marriage.This has had two results.A girl chooses her own husband,and she gets no dowry.
16.What does the author mean by “Family is of course an elastic word”?
A)Different families have different ways of life.
B)Different definitions could be given to the word.
C)Different nations have different families.
D)Different times produce different families.
17.For an English family,the husband’s duty is ____.
A)supporting the family while the wife is financial
B)defending the family while the wife is running the home
C)financial while the wife is running the home
D)independent while the wife is dependent
18.Everything is decided in a family ____.
A)by the coupleB)with the help of their parents
C)by brothers and sistersD)with the help of aunts and uncles
19.What is true concerning the book Pride and Prejudice?
A)It is the best book on marriage.
B)It is a handbook of marriage.
C)It gives quite some idea of English social life in the past.
D)It provides a lot of information of formertime wealthy families.
20.With regard to marriage in Britain,presentday girls differ from former time girls in ____.
A)the right marryB)more parental support
C)choosing husbandsD)social position
参考答案：
第一套
1.C从原文第3行“but...brotherhood”可以得知。
2.B 这是负方领队不服裁判结果的气话。
3.A 篮球的事例表明了作者的观点：爱国情绪太过头，体育规则受到渺视。
4.C 从原文最后一段可以推知。
5.A 这是一篇评论性文章。文中寄托了作者的希望。只有A符合。
6.A 本题要求读者指出第3行的“it”指代什么。A为两党制，B为国家机器，C为议会，D 为资本主义政府，从原文可知，资产阶级是为了强化国家机器，而让两党制形成并存在的。 故答案为A。
7.C 本题要求读者指出从P.S.特莱吉欧说的话中可得知什么。A意思是：如果英国有政党的 话，哪个党也不能控制政府。B意思是：政党越多，他们就越有可能在政府中有决定性的发言权。C意思是：两党制有利于建立一个有力的持久的政府。D意思是：如果英国只有两个政党，政府会很容易控制他们。从原文可知，A，B，D都不符合原文，故正确答案为C。
8.B 本题要求读者指出从托利党和辉格党的形成可得出什么推论。A意思是：这两个党原来属于不同的宗教信仰。B意思是：这两个党是受不同的宗教信仰影响而建立起来的。C意思是：英国的国王和议会支持不同的宗教因为他们拥护两党制。D意思是：英国的国王和议会 由于政治上的原因受不同的党派的支持。从原文可知，由于继宗教上的原因，英国国教分化为清教徒和非清教徒，这两支后来发展为辉格党和托利党。所以正确答案为B。
9.D 本题要求读者指出英国工党是为什么建立的。A意思是：因为工会没有为工人阶级谋多少利益。B意思是：因为自由党对抗不过保守党。C意思是：因为工人阶级不想成为自由党外的成员。D意思是：因为当时的两大政党都不代表工人阶级利益。从原文可知，工党的建 立起因是工人阶级不愿受自由党和保守党的控制，且这两大党都是富人的党。所以正确答案为D。
10.A 本题要求读者指出关于托利党和辉格党的正确叙述。A意思是：在英国辉格党已经不存在了。B意思是：直到今天托利党还保持着完整统一。C意思是：辉格党取代了自由党。D 意思是：托利党取代了保守党。从原文可知，辉格党发展成后来的自由党，自由党又为工党 取代。所以正确答案为A。
11.C 由文章第一、二段可知，A选项是属于“invaders”的行为，不是免疫系统的功能。B 项错在细菌可以进入身体，但是免疫系统防止它们伤害身体。D项显然不对，T cells是免疫 系统的一个组成部分。
12.C “lymphocytes”是白血球的意思。从上文的a certain kind of white blood cell 可推断出正确选项，A，B，D显然与本题无关，故选C。
13.D 第五段主要讲白血球的数量大得惊人，作者举了一些数字作为例子。“Since you began reading this sentence”和这句话本身无关，作者是为强调在如此短的时间内白血球 的数量就多达800，000个。
14.A T细胞能够识别朋友和敌人。B，C项属于敌人，D项属于朋友，A项既不是朋友也不是敌人，而是颈部的一个器官，因此选A。
15.B 本文主要讨论免疫系统的作用对象以及如何在人的身体里发生作用。A，C，D虽有所 涉及但都不确切，只有B对。
16.B 此句主要是考察对elastic这个单词的理解，elastic的意思是“有弹性的，可伸缩的 ，不是固定不变的”，整句话的意思是“家庭当然不是一个固定不变的概念”，在这一段的后面也写了不同时期的家庭和婚姻状况，从此可知“family”一词的含义也是不同的。
17.C 从文中可找出关键句“The man’s first duty...”和“responsible for her financial support”，此句意思是“男人应是女人的财政支柱”，financial的意思是“财政的，金融的”。注意“responsible for her...running of the new home”是关键句。
18.A 由第一段最后一句“neither...nor...nor...have any right to interfere with them.”此处的“them”是指夫妻俩，neither...nor...是否定形式，即说……都没有权力干 涉夫妻俩的事情，——他们是自己的主人，故此题的正确答案是A。
19.C 分析本文第二段可知，《傲慢与偏见》这本书中讲述了当时的婚姻状况，当时有钱人 之间的婚姻都是由女方父母做主，并且父母给新婚夫妇一些钱做嫁妆之后就不再管他们的经济问题，这是当时英国社会生活的一个方面。
20.C 从第二段中开始部分可知过去的女孩的社会地位，从后半部分可知现在的女孩的社会 地位比以前有很大提高，表现在结婚前就可以自己在经济上独立，可以自己选择丈夫，可以不要dowry(嫁妆)，这些方面都属于社会地位方面。
